"This is unprecedented, not only in our democracy but also in the history of our country, that we will have a lockdown for 21 days to go out and wage war against an invisible enemy, coronavirus."
Under the terms, food shops are allowed to stay open, but alcohol sales are banned - and Police Minister Bheki Cele urged South Africans to stay sober during the lockdown. Jogging and dog walking are also prohibited.
Image copyrightEPA
Image captionPresident Cyril Ramaphosa greeted troops prior to their deployment
On Friday morning, however, local media showed pictures of busy streets and queues outside supermarkets in the townships - where poverty and the volume of people make social distancing difficult.
A day earlier, heavy traffic was reported on the main roads out of Johannesburg, despite a government appeal not to go on long journeys.
Thousands of people thronged bus stations aiming to escape the capital and stay with family in rural areas, raising fears that they could take the virus to older relatives who are retired in farms and villages.
Image copyrightAFP
Image captionPolice in Johannesburg had already made arrests in the early hours of Friday
The authorities have warned that anyone violating the rules faces six months' imprisonment or a heavy fine.
"If people are not complying, they (the military) may be forced to take extraordinary measures," Defence Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula warned.
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